Taxonomic distribution of proteins containing PAH domains

The tree below includes only several representative species and genera. The complete taxonomic breakdown of all proteins containing PAH domains can be accessed here. Click the counts or percentage values to display the corresponding proteins.

Multiple receptors for the pancreatic polypeptide (PP-fold) family: physiological implications.

Gehlert DR
Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1998; 218: 7-22

The pancreatic polypeptide (PP-fold) family of peptides consists of the endocrine peptides, pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and peptide YY (PYY), and the neuroneally derived peptide, neuropeptide Y (NPY). All three peptides are found in the circulation, with PP found primarily in the pancreas and PYY found principally in the gut. NPY is released into the circulation from neuroneal stores in response to stress. These peptides have broad peripheral actions on a number of organs. Not surprisingly, PYY and PP are believed to play an important role in the function of the gastrointestinal tract while NPY is a potent vasconstrictor and may have effects on the gut through the enteric nervous system. In the brain, NPY has been implicated in anxiety and depression, feeding and obesity, memory retention, neuroneal excitability, endocrine function, and metabolism. Recent advances in the molecular biology of the receptors for these peptides have resulted in the identification of at least six receptor subtypes with varying peptide pharmacology. Compared to other G-protein coupled receptor families, the PP-fold peptide receptors exhibit a relatively low level of sequence identity. Further advances in the development of selective agonists and antagonists for individual receptor subtypes will be needed to understand further their role in physiological function.

XVI. International Union of Pharmacology recommendations for the nomenclature of neuropeptide Y, peptide YY, and pancreatic polypeptide receptors.

Michel MC, Beck-Sickinger A, Cox H, Doods HN, Herzog H, Larhammar D, Quirion R, Schwartz T, Westfall T
Pharmacol Rev. 1998; 50: 143-50

Hormone families: pancreatic hormones and homologous growth factors.

Blundell TL, Humbel RE
Nature. 1980; 287: 781-7

The growing realization that biologically active polypeptides can be grouped in families, the members of which show structural and functional relatedness, is illustrated by the four families which are represented in the pancreas by the hormones insulin, glucagon, somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide.