SNO

 SNO
PFAM accession number:PF01174
Interpro abstract (IPR002161):

This entry represents a family of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate synthase subunit, also known as the pdxT/SNO family. This family belongs to a superfamily containing a triad glutamine aminotransferase fold, characterised by a conserved Cys-His-Glu active site [ (PUBMED:14585832) ]. Two regions are highly conserved across all taxa, the PGGEST motif and the FHPE(LT) motif [ (PUBMED:11344146) ]. PdxT/SNO proteins are an alpha/beta three-layer sandwich containing a seven- stranded twisted mixed parallel beta-sheet flanked by a six alpha-helices on the N-terminal stretch of the sheet, four on one side and two on the other [ (PUBMED:14585832) ]. They are involved in vitamin B6 biosynthesis.

Proteins belonging to the pdxT/SNO family include:

  • Bacillus subtilis glutamine amidotransferase subunit pdxT
  • Haemophilus influenzae glutamine amidotransferase subunit pdxT
  • Methanococcus jannaschii glutamine amidotransferase subunit pdxT
  • Yeast probable glutamine amidotransferase SNO1
  • Yeast probable glutamine amidotransferase SNO2
  • Yeast probable glutamine amidotransferase SNO3

These are hydrophilic proteins of about 19 to 25 Kd.

The term vitamin B6 is used to refer collectively to the compound pyridoxine and its vitameric forms, pyridoxal, pyridoxamine, and their phosphorylated derivatives. Vitamin B6 is required by all organisms and plays an essential role as a co-factor for enzymatic reactions. Plants, fungi, bacteria, archaebacteria, and protists synthetize vitamin B6. Animals and some highly specialised obligate pathogens obtain it nutritionally. Vitamin B6 has two distinct biosynthetic pathways, which do not coexist in any organism. The pdxA/pdxJ pathway, that has been extensively characterised in Escherichia coli, is found in the gamma subdivision of the proteobacteria. A second pathway of vitamin B6 synthesis involving the pdxS/SNZ and pdxT/SNO protein families, which are completely unrelated in sequence to the pdxA/pdxJ proteins, is found in plants, fungi, protists, archaebacteria, and most bacteria.

PdxS/SNZ and pdxT/SNO proteins form a complex which serves as a glutamine amidotransferase to supply ammonia as a source of the ring nitrogen of vitamin B6 [ (PUBMED:14764090) ]. PdxT/SNO and pdxS/SNZ appear to encode respectively the glutaminase subunit, which produces ammonia from glutamine, and the synthase subunit, which combines ammonia with five- and three-carbon phosphosugars to form vitamin B6 [ (PUBMED:14762015) ].

GO process:vitamin B6 biosynthetic process (GO:0042819), pyridoxal phosphate biosynthetic process (GO:0042823)
GO function:glutaminase activity (GO:0004359)

This is a PFAM domain. For full annotation and more information, please see the PFAM entry SNO