PLCYc

Phospholipase C, catalytic domain (part); domain Y
PLCYc
SMART accession number:SM00149
Description: Phosphoinositide-specific phospholipases C. These enzymes contain 2 regions (X and Y) which together form a TIM barrel-like structure containing the active site residues. Phospholipase C enzymes (PI-PLC) act as signal transducers that generate two second messengers, inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate and diacylglycerol. The bacterial enzyme [6] appears to be a homologue of the mammalian PLCs.
Interpro abstract (IPR001711):

Phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C ( EC 3.1.4.11 ), an eukaryotic intracellular enzyme, plays an important role in signal transduction processes [ (PUBMED:1849017) ] (see IPR001192 ). It catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1-phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol-3,4,5-triphosphate into the second messenger molecules diacylglycerol and inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate. This catalytic process is tightly regulated by reversible phosphorylation and binding of regulatory proteins [ (PUBMED:1419362) (PUBMED:1319994) (PUBMED:1335185) ].

In mammals, there are at least 6 different isoforms of PI-PLC, they differ in their domain structure, their regulation, and their tissue distribution. Lower eukaryotes also possess multiple isoforms of PI-PLC.

All eukaryotic PI-PLCs contain two regions of homology, sometimes referred to as 'X-box' (see IPR000909 ) and 'Y-box'. The order of these two regions is always the same (NH2-X-Y-COOH), but the spacing is variable. In most isoforms, the distance between these two regions is only 50-100 residues but in the gamma isoforms one PH domain, two SH2 domains, and one SH3 domain are inserted between the two PLC-specific domains. The two conserved regions have been shown to be important for the catalytic activity. At the C-terminal of the Y-box, there is a C2 domain (see IPR000008 ) possibly involved in Ca-dependent membrane attachment.

GO process:lipid metabolic process (GO:0006629), intracellular signal transduction (GO:0035556), signal transduction (GO:0007165)
GO function:phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C activity (GO:0004435)
Family alignment:
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There are 10135 PLCYc domains in 10119 proteins in SMART's nrdb database.

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