Secondary literature sources for GHB
The following references were automatically generated.
- Hearn MT, Gomme PT
- Molecular architecture and biorecognition processes of the cystine knot protein superfamily: part I. The glycoprotein hormones.
- J Mol Recognit. 2000; 13: 223-78
- Display abstract
In this review article, the reader is introduced to recent advances in our knowledge on a subset of the cystine knot superfamily of homo- and hetero-dimeric proteins, from the perspective of the endocrine glycoprotein hormone family of proteins: follitropin (FSH), Iutropin (LH), thyrotropin. (TSH) and chorionic gonadotropin (CG). Subsequent papers will address the structure-function behaviour of other members of this increasingly significant family of proteins, including various members of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) family of proteins, the activins, inhibins, bone morphogenic growth factor, platelet derived growth factor-beta, nerve growth factor and more than 35 other proteins with similar topological features. In the present review article, specific emphasis has been placed on advances with the glycoprotein hormones (GPHs) that have facilitated greater insight into their physiological functions, molecular structures and most importantly the basis of the molecular recognition events that lead to the formation of hetero-dimeric structures as well as their specific and selective recognition by their corresponding receptors and antibodies. Thus, this review article focuses on the structural motifs involved in receptor recognition and the current techniques available to identify these regions, including the role of immunological methodology, peptide fragment design and synthesis and mutagenesis to delineate their structure-function relationships and molecular recognition behaviour.
- Smirnov AN
- [Selectivity limits. Strategy of development of hormones with the selective efficacy]
- Ross Fiziol Zh Im I M Sechenova. 1999; 85: 601-15
- Hanasaki K, Arita H
- Structure and function of phospholipase A2 receptor.
- Adv Exp Med Biol. 1996; 416: 315-9
- Ruddon RW
- Super hormones.
- Nat Biotechnol. 1996; 14: 1224-1224
- Helmreich EJ, Hofmann KP
- Structure and function of proteins in G-protein-coupled signal transfer.
- Biochim Biophys Acta. 1996; 1286: 285-322
- Barbarino A, Colasanti S
- Membrane receptors and hormones.
- Q J Nucl Med. 1995; 39: 78-82
- Display abstract
The regulation of metabolic processes, cell growth and differentiation is achieved by an interaction between hormones and specific cellular binding sites termed "receptors". These may be located on the cellular surface, in the cytoplasm or in the nucleus. Recently the structure of several membrane receptors in mammalian cells have been elucidated. These consist of peptide chains possessing multiple functional "domains". We describe in details the extracellular, transmembrane and intracellular "domains". In recent years antibodies to many receptors and analogues of some peptide hormones have become available; these can be used in clinical practice to study receptors, their localization and, in some cases, to block their function.
- Tata JR
- Forward to the past! Or, back to proteins.
- J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 1995; 52: 297-8
- Ohara O, Arita H
- [Structure and function of pancreatic group I phospholipase A2 receptor]
- Seikagaku. 1994; 66: 1371-86
- Poretsky L
- Specificity spillover at the hormone receptor.
- N Engl J Med. 1989; 321: 474-474
- Kostiuk PG, Chazov EI
- [Intracellular signalization: biological and medical aspects of the problem]
- Usp Fiziol Nauk. 1988; 19: 3-11
- Mayer TK, Mooney RA
- Laboratory analyses for steroid hormone receptors, and their applications to clinical medicine.
- Clin Chim Acta. 1988; 172: 1-33
- Vallotton MB
- The post-receptor era or the receptor and beyond.
- J Recept Res. 1988; 8: 1-6
- Csaba G
- Why do hormone receptors arise? An introduction.
- Experientia Suppl. 1987; 53: 7-13
- Ogata E
- [Receptor abnormalities and diseases]
- Nippon Naika Gakkai Zasshi. 1987; 76: 1781-5
- Csaba G
- A new approach to the molecular evolution of hormones: the receptorial aspect.
- Experientia Suppl. 1987; 53: 149-53
- Tata JR
- The search for the mechanism of hormone action.
- Perspect Biol Med. 1986; 29: 184204-184204
- Csaba G
- Why do hormone receptors arise?
- Experientia. 1986; 42: 715-8
- Keutmann HT, Johnson L, Ryan RJ
- Evidence for a conformational change in deglycosylated glycoprotein hormones.
- FEBS Lett. 1985; 185: 333-8
- Display abstract
Removal of long-chain asparagine-linked carbohydrates leads to loss of receptor-effector coupling in gonadotropin target tissue. This implies a direct interaction between carbohydrate and cell membrane components. To examine other mechanisms by which carbohydrate could activate post-receptor events, we have used sequence-specific and conformation-specific alpha-subunit radioimmunoassays as probes for conformational changes in deglycosylated choriogonadotropin and follitropin. Immunoreactivity of either hormone was enhanced 8-13-fold after removal of carbohydrate by anhydrous hydrogen fluoride. Removal of sialic acid alone had little effect on reactivity. Based on the specificity of the antisera, the effect could be localized to a region in the amino-terminus remote in the linear sequence from actual sites of carbohydrate attachment. The results suggest that a conformational change in the alpha-subunit could account, at least in part, for the observed effects of deglycosylation on glycoprotein hormone action.
- Tsushima T
- [Diseases caused by abnormal hormone receptors]
- Kango Gijutsu. 1985; 31: 1250-2
- Buckmann D
- The phylogeny and the polytropy of hormones.
- Horm Metab Res. 1983; 15: 211-7
- Conn PM
- Ligand dimerization: a technique for assessing receptor-receptor interactions.
- Methods Enzymol. 1983; 103: 49-58
- Grigorescu A
- Genesis of endocrine receptors.
- Endocrinologie. 1983; 21: 213-5
- Karlson P
- Eighth Adolf Butenandt lecture. Why are so many hormones steroids?
- Hoppe Seylers Z Physiol Chem. 1983; 364: 1067-87
- Meissner J
- [What hormone-binding globulins are there and how are they detected?]
- Zentralbl Gynakol. 1983; 105: 253-4
- Blair EL
- Hormones and metabolism: a background.
- Proc Nutr Soc. 1983; 42: 103-11
- Kolata G
- New theory of hormones proposed.
- Science. 1982; 215: 1383-4
- Truman DE, Clayton RM
- Strategies of regulation: signals, receptors and effectors.
- Adv Exp Med Biol. 1982; 158: 245-52
- Pastan IH, Willingham MC
- Receptor-mediated endocytosis of hormones in cultured cells.
- Annu Rev Physiol. 1981; 43: 239-50
- Wagh PV, Bahl OP
- Sugar residues on proteins.
- CRC Crit Rev Biochem. 1981; 10: 307-77
- Display abstract
Glycoproteins have become increasingly important in the structure and function of many different mammalian systems; for example, membrane glycoproteins and glycoprotein hormones. It is, therefore, important to understand their chemistry, which would include an understanding of both the carbohydrate and protein parts of the molecule. Since the chemical characterization of the protein moiety has been extensively examined and the techniques for its characterization are well worked out, only the carbohydrate portion of glycoproteins will be reviewed in this article. The chemical nature of the carbohydrate moiety of glycoproteins will be examined. First, the types of monosaccharides present in animal systems, especially those in the mammalian systems, will be described. Next, various types of simple and complex carbohydrate chains will be discussed to establish the diversity, size, and number of chains present in the carbohydrate units in different glycoproteins. Then, the type of linkages of the carbohydrate to the protein will be examined to determine if the primary sequence of protein is important in determining the size and type of carbohydrate chains present in glycoproteins. Finally, the current methods of structural elucidation such as monosaccharide sequence, intersugar bonds, and anomeric linkages in the carbohydrate moiety of glycoproteins will be reviewed. These methods include the techniques of periodate oxidation, methylation, partial acid hydrolysis, and specific glycosidase digestion of glycoproteins, as well as the latest techniques using micromethods of carbohydrate quantitation and characterization involving gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The function of the carbohydrate in glycoproteins will also be considered. First, hormone glycoproteins will be discussed in their relationship to the immunological and biological function of the glycoprotein when the carbohydrate is sequentially removed. Next, the function of the carbohydrate in the turnover of glycoproteins will be discussed. These topics will be considered in order to develop an understanding of a specific function(s) of the carbohydrate in glycoproteins.
- Sandvig K
- [Receptors for polypeptide hormones]
- Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 1980; 100: 964-6
- Aderka D, Pinkhas J
- [Hormone receptors: mode of action and clinical importance]
- Harefuah. 1980; 99: 392-4
