Bacterial rhodopsins are a family of bacterial opsins. They are retinal-binding proteins that provide light-dependent ion transport and sensory functions to a family of halophilic bacteria [ PUBMED:2468194 PUBMED:2591367 ]. They are integral … expand

Bacterial rhodopsins are a family of bacterial opsins. They are retinal-binding proteins that provide light-dependent ion transport and sensory functions to a family of halophilic bacteria [ PUBMED:2468194 PUBMED:2591367 ]. They are integral membrane proteins believed to contain seven transmembrane (TM) domains, the last of which contains the attachment point for retinal binding (a conserved lysine).

Fungal rhodopsins are membrane-embedded photoreceptors characterised by seven transmembrane helices and a retinal chromophore. They are widely distributed across fungal species, forming large multigene families [ PUBMED:37871207 ]. These proteins exhibit diverse functions, including light-driven proton pumping, green light sensing, and involvement in signalling pathways. Fungal rhodopsins are particularly prevalent in plant-associated and phytopathogenic fungi [ PUBMED:25589426 ].