TGFB Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) family
SMART ACC:	SM000204
Description:	Family members are active as disulphide-linked homo- or heterodimers. TGFB is a multifunctional peptide that controls proliferation, differentiation, and other functions in many cell types.
InterPro ACC:	IPR001839
InterPro abstract:	Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is a multifunctional peptide that controls proliferation, differentiation and other functions in many cell types. TGF-beta-1 is a peptide of 112 amino acid residues derived by proteolytic cleavage from the C-terminal of a precursor protein [ PUBMED:8679613 ]. A number … expand Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is a multifunctional peptide that controls proliferation, differentiation and other functions in many cell types. TGF-beta-1 is a peptide of 112 amino acid residues derived by proteolytic cleavage from the C-terminal of a precursor protein [ PUBMED:8679613 ]. A number of proteins are known to be related to TGF-beta-1 [ PUBMED:1575734 PUBMED:8199356 PUBMED:24086041 ]. Proteins from the TGF-beta family are only active as homo- or heterodimer; the two chains being linked by a single disulphide bond. From X-ray studies of TGF-beta-2 [ PUBMED:1631557 ], it is known that all the other cysteines are involved in intrachain disulphide bonds. There are four disulphide bonds in the TGF-beta and in inhibin beta chains, while the other members of this family lack the first bond. The regulatory cytokine TGFbeta exerts tumour-suppressive effects, but also modulates cell invasion and immune regulation [ PUBMED:18662538 ]. Misregulation of the TGF-beta signalling pathway can result in tumour development. collapse
GO function:	growth factor activity (GO:0008083)
Family alignment:	View the Family alignment or the Alignment consensus sequence
There are 13 842 TGFB domains in 13 809 proteins in SMART's NRDB database.

Taxonomic distribution of proteins containing TGFB domains

The tree below includes only several representative species and genera. The complete taxonomic breakdown of all proteins containing TGFB domains can be accessed here. Click the counts or percentage values to display the corresponding proteins.

Relevant references for this domain

Primary literature for the TGFB domain is listed below. Automatically-derived, secondary literature is also available.

Disease genes where sequence variants are found in this domain

UniRef sequences and OMIM curated human diseases associated with missense mutations within the TGFB domain.

Protein	Description	Disease / phenotype
MIS_HUMAN		OMIM:600957 : Persistent Mullerian duct syndrome, type I
MIS_HUMAN		OMIM:261550 : no description
LFTY2_HUMAN		OMIM:601877 : Left-right axis malformation
GDNF_HUMAN		OMIM:600837 : Hirschsprung disease
GDNF_HUMAN		OMIM:142623 : no description

KEGG pathways involving proteins which contain this domain

This information is based on the mapping of SMART genomic protein database to KEGG orthologous groups. Percentages are related to the number of proteins containing a TGFB domain which could be assigned to a KEGG orthologous group, and not all proteins containing TGFB domains. Please note that proteins can be included in multiple pathways, ie. the numbers below will not add to 100%.

KEGG pathways

Some of these pathways are included in the interactive Pathways Explorer overview maps. Select an overview map and click the button below to highlight them in iPath.

KEGG orthologous groups

3D structures in PDB containing this domain

Links to other resources describing this domain

Pfam	TGF-beta
PROSITE	TGFB_DOMAIN
InterPro	IPR001839