Proline tRNA ligase (also known as Prolyl tRNA synthetase) ( EC:6.1.1.15 ) exists in two forms, which are loosely related. The first form is present in the majority of eubacteria species. The second one, present in some eubacteria, is essentially present in archaea and eukaryota. Proline-tRNA ligase belongs to class IIa.

Proline tRNA ligase (also known as Prolyl tRNA synthetase) ( EC:6.1.1.15 ) exists in two forms, which are loosely related. The first form is present in the majority of eubacteria species. The second one, present in some eubacteria, is essentially present in archaea and eukaryota. Proline-tRNA ligase belongs to class IIa.

This domain is found at the C-terminal in archaeal and eukaryotic enzymes, as well as in certain bacterial ones.

The aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (also known as aminoacyl-tRNA ligases) catalyse the attachment of an amino acid to its cognate transfer RNA molecule in a highly specific two-step reaction [ PUBMED:10704480 PUBMED:12458790 ]. These proteins differ widely in size and oligomeric state, and have limited sequence homology [ PUBMED:2203971 ]. The 20 aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are divided into two classes, I and II. Class I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases contain a characteristic Rossman fold catalytic domain and are mostly monomeric [ PUBMED:10673435 ]. Class II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases share an anti-parallel β-sheet fold flanked by α-helices [ PUBMED:8364025 ], and are mostly dimeric or multimeric, containing at least three conserved regions [ PUBMED:8274143 PUBMED:2053131 PUBMED:1852601 ]. However, tRNA binding involves an α-helical structure that is conserved between class I and class II synthetases. In reactions catalysed by the class I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, the aminoacyl group is coupled to the 2'-hydroxyl of the tRNA, while, in class II reactions, the 3'-hydroxyl site is preferred. The synthetases specific for arginine, cysteine, glutamic acid, glutamine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, tyrosine, tryptophan, valine, and some lysine synthetases (non-eukaryotic group) belong to class I synthetases. The synthetases specific for alanine, asparagine, aspartic acid, glycine, histidine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, and some lysine synthetases (non-archaeal group), belong to class-II synthetases. Based on their mode of binding to the tRNA acceptor stem, both classes of tRNA synthetases have been subdivided into three subclasses, designated 1a, 1b, 1c and 2a, 2b, 2c [ PUBMED:10447505 ].