NUC DNA/RNA non-specific endonuclease
SMART ACC:	SM000477
Description:	prokaryotic and eukaryotic double- and single-stranded DNA and RNA endonucleases also present in phosphodiesterases
InterPro ACC:	IPR020821
InterPro abstract:	A family of bacterial and eukaryotic endonucleases EC:3.1.30 share the following characteristics: they act on both DNA and RNA, cleave double-stranded and single-stranded nucleic acids and require a divalent ion such as magnesium for their activity. A histidine has been shown [ PUBMED:8078761 … expand A family of bacterial and eukaryotic endonucleases EC:3.1.30 share the following characteristics: they act on both DNA and RNA, cleave double-stranded and single-stranded nucleic acids and require a divalent ion such as magnesium for their activity. A histidine has been shown [ PUBMED:8078761 ] to be essential for the activity of the Serratia marcescens nuclease. This residue is located in a conserved region which also contains an aspartic acid residue that could be implicated in the binding of the divalent ion. This entry represents the nuclease/phosphodiesterase domain found in proteins from bacteria and eukaryotes, including ENPP1-3, mitochondrial Endonuclease G and Nuclease EXOG from animals, venom phosphodiesterases and related proteins. ENPP1 is a nucleotide pyrophosphatase that generates diphosphate (PPi) and functions in bone mineralization and soft tissue calcification by regulating pyrophosphate levels [ PUBMED:11004006 ]. It preferentially hydrolyzes ATP, but can also hydrolyze other nucleoside 5' triphosphates such as GTP, CTP and UTP to their corresponding monophosphates with release of pyrophosphate, as well as diadenosine polyphosphates, and also 3',5'-cAMP to AMP [ PUBMED:25344812 PUBMED:27467858 PUBMED:28011303 PUBMED:35147247 ]. ENPP2, also known as autotaxin, is a secreted lysophospholipase D that hydrolyzes lysophospholipids to produce the signaling molecule lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in extracellular fluids [ PUBMED:26371182 PUBMED:27754931 ]. ENPP3 metabolizes extracellular nucleotides, including ATP, GTP, UTP and CTP [ PUBMED:29717535 ]. Endonuclease G and EXOG act on DNA, preferentially double-stranded 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC)-modified DNA [ PUBMED:25355512 ] and supercoiled DNA, a preference for single-stranded DNA and 5'-3' exonuclease activity [ PUBMED:18187503 ], respectively. collapse
GO function:	metal ion binding (GO:0046872), nucleic acid binding (GO:0003676), hydrolase activity (GO:0016787)
Family alignment:	View the Family alignment or the Alignment consensus sequence
There are 11 868 NUC domains in 11 849 proteins in SMART's NRDB database.

Taxonomic distribution of proteins containing NUC domains

The tree below includes only several representative species and genera. The complete taxonomic breakdown of all proteins containing NUC domains can be accessed here. Click the counts or percentage values to display the corresponding proteins.

Relevant references for this domain

Primary literature for the NUC domain is listed below. Automatically-derived, secondary literature is also available.

KEGG pathways involving proteins which contain this domain

This information is based on the mapping of SMART genomic protein database to KEGG orthologous groups. Percentages are related to the number of proteins containing a NUC domain which could be assigned to a KEGG orthologous group, and not all proteins containing NUC domains. Please note that proteins can be included in multiple pathways, ie. the numbers below will not add to 100%.

KEGG pathways

Some of these pathways are included in the interactive Pathways Explorer overview maps. Select an overview map and click the button below to highlight them in iPath.

KEGG orthologous groups

Some of these KOs are included in the interactive Pathways Explorer overview maps. Select an overview map and click the button below to highlight them in iPath.

3D structures in PDB containing this domain

Links to other resources describing this domain

InterPro	IPR020821
Pfam	Endonuclease