The domain within your query sequence starts at position 58 and ends at position 174; the E-value for the PA2c domain shown below is 1.75e-15.

All catalytic sites are present in this domain. Check the literature (PubMed 99175087 ) for details.

LLLQFVNSMRCVTGLCPRDFEDYGCACRFEMEGMPVDESDICCFQHRRCYEEAVEMDCLQ
DPAKLSADVDCTNKQITCESEDPCERLLCTCDKAAVECLAQSGINSSLNFLDASFCL

PA2c

Phospholipase A2

• SMART accession number: SM00085
• Description: -
• Interpro abstract (IPR016090):

  Proteins containing this domain include eukaryotic phospholipase A2 enzymes (PLA2; EC 3.1.1.4 ), small lipolytic enzymes that releases fatty acids from the second carbon group of glycerol, usually in a metal-dependent reaction, to generate lysophospholipid (LysoPL) and a free fatty acid (FA) [ (PUBMED:11872155) ]. The resulting products are either dietary or used in synthetic pathways for leukotrienes and prostaglandins. Often, arachidonic acid is released as a free fatty acid and acts as second messenger in signaling networks [ (PUBMED:10331081) ]. These enzymes enable the of fatty acids and lysophospholipid by hydrolysing the 2-ester bond of 1,2-diacyl-3-sn-phosphoglycerides. In eukaryotes, PLA2 plays a pivotal role in the biosynthesis of prostaglandin and other mediators of inflammation. These enzymes are either secreted or cytosolic; the latter are either Ca dependent or Ca independent. Secreted PLA2s have also been found to specifically bind to a variety of soluble and membrane proteins in mammals, including receptors [ (PUBMED:11293116) ]. As a toxin, PLA2 is a potent presynaptic neurotoxin which blocks nerve terminals by binding to the nerve membrane and hydrolyzing stable membrane lipids [ (PUBMED:11212293) ]. The products of the hydrolysis (LysoPL and FA) cannot form bilayers leading to a change in membrane conformation and ultimately to a block in the release of neurotransmitters [ (PUBMED:16805767) (PUBMED:10838563) (PUBMED:16339444) ].

  The phospholipase domain adopts an alpha-helical secondary structure, consisting of five alpha-helices and two helical segments. PLA2 may form dimers or oligomers [ (PUBMED:11080675) (PUBMED:11897785) (PUBMED:12161451) ].

• GO process: arachidonic acid secretion (GO:0050482), phospholipid metabolic process (GO:0006644)
• GO function: phospholipase A2 activity (GO:0004623)

There are 5804 PA2c domains in 5499 proteins in SMART's nrdb database.

Literature (relevant references for this domain)

Primary literature is listed below; Automatically-derived, secondary literature is also avaliable.

• Cirino G
• Multiple controls in inflammation. Extracellular and intracellular phospholipase A2, inducible and constitutive cyclooxygenase, and inducible nitric oxide synthase.
• Biochem Pharmacol. 1998; 55: 105-11

Inflammation occurs as a defensive response to invasion of the host by foreign material, often of microbial nature. This response is normally a localized protective response that at the microscopic level involves a complex series of events including dilatation of arterioles, venules, and capillaries with increased vascular permeability, exudation of fluids including plasma proteins, and leukocyte migration into the inflammatory area. Since disease characterized by inflammation is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in humans, the processes involved in the host defense in inflammation have been and continue to be the object of several experimental studies. The role of several mediators such as histamine, serotonin, bradykinin, prostaglandins, and, more recently, cytokines and nitric oxide has been evaluated, and a contribution for each one of these mediators has been proposed. With the development of powerful molecular biology tools, it has become possible to study enzymes involved in this complex phenomenon by measuring the expression or evaluating the signaling pathways following a specific stimulus. These techniques have generated a proliferation of studies on the role of several enzymes and cytokines in inflammation. Most of these studies have been conducted in vitro on cell lines, and not many of the results have been confirmed by in vivo studies. This commentary does not pretend to analyze all of the studies and their possible in congruences, but endeavors to provoke in the reader a critical review of dogmas and current beliefs that most of the time are built on unilateral interpretation of the data.

• Davidson FF, Dennis EA
• Evolutionary relationships and implications for the regulation of phospholipase A2 from snake venom to human secreted forms.
• J Mol Evol. 1990; 31: 228-38

The amino acid sequences of 40 secreted phospholipase A2's (PLA2) were aligned and a phylogenetic tree derived that has three main branches corresponding to elapid (group I), viperid (group II), and insect venom types of PLA2. The human pancreatic and recently determined nonpancreatic sequences in the comparison align with the elapid and viperid categories, respectively, indicating that at least two PLA2 genes existed in the vertebrate line before the divergence of reptiles and mammals about 200-300 million years ago. This allows resolution for the first time of major genetic events in the evolution of current PLA2's and the relationship of human PLA2's to those of snake venom, many of which are potent toxins. Implications for possible mechanisms of regulation of mammalian intra- and extracellular PLA2's are discussed, as well as issues relating to the search for the controlling enzymes in arachidonic acid release, prostaglandin generation, and signal transduction.

• Gomez F et al.
• Purification and characterization of five variants of phospholipase A2 and complete primary structure of the main phospholipase A2 variant in Heloderma suspectum (Gila monster) venom.
• Eur J Biochem. 1989; 186: 23-33

1. Five increasingly anionic variants (Pa1-Pa5) of Ca2+-dependent phospholipase A2 were purified to homogeneity from the venom of the lizard Heloderma suspectum (Gila monster). The purification procedure was based on semi-preparative reverse-phase HPLC followed by anion-exchange HPLC and analytical reverse-phase HPLC. 2. Their Mr were 17,000-18,000, as deduced by SDS/PAGE. Specific activities tested by the capacity to hydrolyze phosphatidylcholines at pH 8.5 decreased as follows: Pa3 greater than Pa5 greater than Pa4 greater than Pa1 greater than Pa2. These activities showed the same optimum pH (9.0), were mainly of the phospholipase A2 type and were lost upon p-bromophenacyl bromide treatment. 3. All five phospholipases efficiently stimulated amylase release from dispersed rat pancreatic acini at pH 7.4, their potency decreasing as follows: Pa2 greater than Pa1 approximately equal to Pa4 greater than Pa3 approximately equal to Pa5. No deleterious effect was apparent based on the lack of lactate dehydrogenase release. 4. The five variants, Pa1-Pa5, differed significantly in amino acid composition and this, together with distinct antigenic properties of Pa2 and Pa5, establishes the subheterogeneity of this new type of phospholipase A2, despite the fact that the N-terminal amino acid sequence (31 residues) of Pa1-Pa5 was exactly the same. 5. The full sequence of the major variant, Pa5, showed that this 142-amino-acid protein exhibited greater similarity to the bee venom enzyme than to any class I or class II secretory phospholipase A2 from snake venom and mammalian pancreas. While Pa5 displayed the highly conserved region between Asp30 and Cys39 (the essential active site of all phospholipases A2), its salient original points included 10 half-cystine residues only, an incomplete N-terminal sequence, large changes in the putative calcium loop, several alterations after the active site and a C-terminal extension never seen in other phospholipases A2, with the only exception being bee venom.

• Dijkstra BW, Renetseder R, Kalk KH, Hol WG, Drenth J
• Structure of porcine pancreatic phospholipase A2 at 2.6 A resolution and comparison with bovine phospholipase A2.
• J Mol Biol. 1983; 168: 163-79

The previously published three-dimensional structure of porcine pancreatic prophospholipase A2 at 3 A resolution was found to be incompatible with the structures of bovine phospholipase A2 and bovine prophospholipase A2. This was unexpected because of the very homologous amino acid sequences of these enzymes. Therefore, the crystal structure of the porcine enzyme was redetermined using molecular replacement methods with bovine phospholipase as the parent model. The structure was crystallographically refined at 2.6 A resolution by fast Fourier transform and restrained least-squares procedures to an R-factor of 0.241. The crystals appeared to contain phospholipase A2 and not prophospholipase A2. Apparently the protein is slowly converted under the crystallization conditions employed. Our investigation shows that, in contrast to the previous report, the three-dimensional structure of porcine phospholipase A2 is very similar to that of bovine phospholipase A2, including the active site. Smaller differences were observed in some residues involved in the binding of aggregated substrates. However, an appreciable conformational difference is in the loop 59 to 70, where a single substitution at position 63 (bovine Val leads to porcine Phe) causes a complete rearrangement of the peptide chain. In addition to the calcium ion in the active site, a second calcium ion is present in the crystals; this is located on a crystallographic 2-fold axis and stabilizes the interaction between two neighbouring molecules.

Metabolism (metabolic pathways involving proteins which contain this domain)

% proteins involved	KEGG pathway ID	Description
10.00	map04664	Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway
10.00	map00590	Arachidonic acid metabolism
10.00	map00565	Ether lipid metabolism
10.00	map00564	Glycerophospholipid metabolism
10.00	map04370	VEGF signaling pathway
10.00	map04010	MAPK signaling pathway
10.00	map04912	GnRH signaling pathway
10.00	map00592	alpha-Linolenic acid metabolism
10.00	map04730	Long-term depression
10.00	map00591	Linoleic acid metabolism

This information is based on mapping of SMART genomic protein database to KEGG orthologous groups. Percentage points are related to the number of proteins with PA2c domain which could be assigned to a KEGG orthologous group, and not all proteins containing PA2c domain. Please note that proteins can be included in multiple pathways, ie. the numbers above will not always add up to 100%.

Structure (3D structures containing this domain)

3D Structures of PA2c domains in PDB

PDB code	Title
1a2a	AGKISTROTOXIN, A PHOSPHOLIPASE A2-TYPE PRESYNAPTIC NEUROTOXIN FROM AGKISTRODON HALYS PALLAS
1a3d	PHOSPHOLIPASE A2 (PLA2) FROM NAJA NAJA VENOM
1a3f	PHOSPHOLIPASE A2 (PLA2) FROM NAJA NAJA VENOM
1ae7	NOTEXIN, A PRESYNAPTIC NEUROTOXIC PHOSPHOLIPASE A2
1aok	VIPOXIN COMPLEX
1ayp	A PROBE MOLECULE COMPOSED OF SEVENTEEN PERCENT OF TOTAL DIFFRACTING MATTER GIVES CORRECT SOLUTIONS IN MOLECULAR REPLACEMENT
1b4w	BASIC PHOSPHOLIPASE A2 FROM AGKISTRODON HALYS PALLAS-IMPLICATIONS FOR ITS ASSOCIATION AND ANTICOAGULANT ACTIVITIES BY X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
1bbc	STRUCTURE OF RECOMBINANT HUMAN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIC SYNOVIAL FLUID PHOSPHOLIPASE A2 AT 2.2 ANGSTROMS RESOLUTION
1bjj	AGKISTRODOTOXIN, A PHOSPHOLIPASE A2-TYPE PRESYNAPTIC NEUROTOXIN FROM AGKISTRODON HALYS PALLAS
1bk9	PHOSPHOLIPASE A2 MODIFIED BY PBPB
1bp2	STRUCTURE OF BOVINE PANCREATIC PHOSPHOLIPASE A2 AT 1.7 ANGSTROMS RESOLUTION
1bpq	PHOSPHOLIPASE A2 ENGINEERING. X-RAY STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL EVIDENCE FOR THE INTERACTION OF LYSINE-56 WITH SUBSTRATES
1bun	STRUCTURE OF BETA2-BUNGAROTOXIN: POTASSIUM CHANNEL BINDING BY KUNITZ MODULES AND TARGETED PHOSPHOLIPASE ACTION
1bvm	SOLUTION NMR STRUCTURE OF BOVINE PANCREATIC PHOSPHOLIPASE A2, 20 STRUCTURES
1c1j	STRUCTURE OF CADMIUM-SUBSTITUTED PHOSPHOLIPASE A2 FROM AGKISTRONDON HALYS PALLAS AT 2.8 ANGSTROMS RESOLUTION
1c74	Structure of the double mutant (K53,56M) of phospholipase A2
1ceh	STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE CATALYTIC SITE MUTANT ASP99ASN OF PHOSPHOLIPASE A2: ABSENCE OF CONSERVED STRUCTURAL WATER
1cl5	CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF PHOSPHOLIPASE A2 FROM DABOIA RUSSELLI PULCHELLA
1clp	CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF A CALCIUM-INDEPENDENT PHOSPHOLIPASELIKE MYOTOXIC PROTEIN FROM BOTHROPS ASPER VENOM
1db4	HUMAN S-PLA2 IN COMPLEX WITH INDOLE 8
1db5	HUMAN S-PLA2 IN COMPLEX WITH INDOLE 6
1dcy	CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF HUMAN S-PLA2 IN COMPLEX WITH INDOLE 3 ACTIVE SITE INHIBITOR
1dpy	THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE OF A NOVEL PHOSPHOLIPASE A2 FROM INDIAN COMMON KRAIT AT 2.45 A RESOLUTION
1fb2	STRUCTURE OF PHOSPHOLIPASE A2 FROM DABOIA RUSSELLI PULCHELLA AT 1.95
1fdk	CARBOXYLIC ESTER HYDROLASE (PLA2-MJ33 INHIBITOR COMPLEX)
1fe5	SEQUENCE AND CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF A BASIC PHOSPHOLIPASE A2 FROM COMMON KRAIT (BUNGARUS CAERULEUS) AT 2.4 RESOLUTION: IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ITS PHARMACOLOGICAL SITES.
1fv0	FIRST STRUCTURAL EVIDENCE OF THE INHIBITION OF PHOSPHOLIPASE A2 BY ARISTOLOCHIC ACID: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF A COMPLEX FORMED BETWEEN PHOSPHOLIPASE A2 AND ARISTOLOCHIC ACID
1fx9	CARBOXYLIC ESTER HYDROLASE COMPLEX (DIMERIC PLA2 + MJ33 INHIBITOR + SULPHATE IONS)
1fxf	CARBOXYLIC ESTER HYDROLASE COMPLEX (DIMERIC PLA2 + MJ33 INHIBITOR + PHOSPHATE IONS)
1g0z	SPECIFIC MUTATIONS IN KRAIT PLA2 LEAD TO DIMERIZATION OF PROTEIN MOLECULES: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF KRAIT PLA2 AT 2.1 RESOLUTION
1g2x	Sequence induced trimerization of krait PLA2: crystal structure of the trimeric form of krait PLA2
1g4i	Crystal structure of the bovine pancreatic phospholipase A2 at 0.97A
1gh4	Structure of the triple mutant (K56M, K120M, K121M) of phospholipase A2
1gmz	Crystal structure of the D49 phospholipase A2 piratoxin III from Bothrops pirajai.
1god	MONOMERIC LYS-49 PHOSPHOLIPASE A2 HOMOLOGUE ISOLATED FROM THE VENOM OF CERROPHIDION (BOTHROPS) GODMANI
1gp7	Acidic Phospholipase A2 from venom of Ophiophagus Hannah
1hn4	PROPHOSPHOLIPASE A2 DIMER COMPLEXED WITH MJ33, SULFATE, AND CALCIUM
1ijl	Crystal structure of acidic phospholipase A2 from deinagkistrodon acutus
1irb	CARBOXYLIC ESTER HYDROLASE
1j1a	PANCREATIC SECRETORY PHOSPHOLIPASE A2 (IIa) WITH ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY
1jia	STRUCTURE OF A BASIC PHOSPHOLIPASE A2 FROM AGKISTRODON HALYS PALLAS AT 2.13A RESOLUTION
1jlt	Vipoxin Complex
1jq8	Design of specific inhibitors of phospholipase A2: Crystal structure of a complex formed between phospholipase A2 from Daboia russelli pulchella and a designed pentapeptide Leu-Ala-Ile-Tyr-Ser at 2.0 resolution
1jq9	Crystal structure of a complex formed between phospholipase A2 from Daboia russelli pulchella and a designed pentapeptide Phe-Leu-Ser-Tyr-Lys at 1.8 resolution
1kpm	First Structural Evidence of a Specific Inhibition of Phospholipase A2 by Vitamin E and its Implications in Inflammation: Crystal Structure of the Complex Formed between Phospholipase A2 and Vitamin E at 1.8 A Resolution.
1kqu	Human phospholipase A2 complexed with a substrate anologue
1kvo	HUMAN PHOSPHOLIPASE A2 COMPLEXED WITH A HIGHLY POTENT SUBSTRATE ANOLOGUE
1kvw	CARBOXYLIC ESTER HYDROLASE, SINGLE MUTANT H48Q OF BOVINE PANCREATIC PLA2 ENZYME
1kvx	CARBOXYLIC ESTER HYDROLASE, SINGLE MUTANT D99A OF BOVINE PANCREATIC PLA2, 1.9 A ORTHORHOMBIC FORM
1kvy	CARBOXYLIC ESTER HYDROLASE, SINGLE MUTANT D49E COORDINATED TO CALCIUM
1l8s	CARBOXYLIC ESTER HYDROLASE COMPLEX (DIMERIC PLA2 + LPC-ether + ACETATE + PHOSPHATE IONS)
1le6	CARBOXYLIC ESTER HYDROLASE, P 1 21 1 SPACE GROUP
1le7	CARBOXYLIC ESTER HYDROLASE, C 2 2 21 space group
1ln8	Crystal Structure of a New Isoform of Phospholipase A2 from Naja naja sagittifera at 1.6 A Resolution
1m8r	Crystal Structures of Cadmium-binding Acidic Phospholipase A2 from the Venom of Agkistrodon halys pallas at 1.9 Resolution (crystal grown at pH 7.4)
1m8s	Crystal Structures of Cadmium-binding Acidic Phospholipase A2 from the Venom of Agkistrodon halys pallas at 1.9 Resolution (crystal grown at pH 5.9)
1m8t	Structure of an acidic Phospholipase A2 from the venom of Ophiophagus hannah at 2.1 resolution from a hemihedrally twinned crystal form
1mc2	monomeric LYS-49 phospholipase A2 homologue purified from AG
1mf4	Structure-based design of potent and selective inhibitors of phospholipase A2: Crystal structure of the complex formed between phosholipase A2 from Naja Naja sagittifera and a designed peptide inhibitor at 1.9 A resolution
1mg6	The Crystal Structure of a K49 PLA2 from the Snake Venom of Agkistrodon acutus
1mh2	Crystal Structure of a Zinc Containing Dimer of Phospholipase A2 from the Venom of Indian Cobra (Naja Naja Sagittifera)
1mh7	Crystal Structure of a Calcium-Free Isoform of Phospholipase A2 from Naja naja sagittifera at 2.0 A Resolution
1mh8	Crystal Structure of a Phopholipase A2 Monomer with Isoleucine at Second Position
1mks	CARBOXYLIC ESTER HYDROLASE, TRIGONAL FORM OF THE TRIPLE MUTANT
1mkt	CARBOXYLIC ESTER HYDROLASE, 1.72 ANGSTROM TRIGONAL FORM OF THE BOVINE RECOMBINANT PLA2 ENZYME
1mku	CARBOXYLIC ESTER HYDROLASE, ORTHORHOMBIC FORM OF THE TRIPLE MUTANT
1mkv	CARBOXYLIC ESTER HYDROLASE COMPLEX (PLA2 + TRANSITION STATE ANALOG COMPLEX)
1n28	Crystal structure of the H48Q mutant of human group IIA phospholipase A2
1n29	Crystal structure of the N1A mutant of human group IIA phospholipase A2
1o2e	Structure of the triple mutant (K53,56,120M) + Anisic acid complex of phospholipase A2
1o3w	Structure of the inhibitor free triple mutant (K53,56,120M) of phospholipase A2
1oqs	Crystal Structure of RV4/RV7 Complex
1ows	Crystal structure of a C49 Phospholipase A2 from Indian cobra reveals carbohydrate binding in the hydrophobic channel
1oxl	INHIBITION OF PHOSPHOLIPASE A2 (PLA2) BY (2-CARBAMOYLMETHYL-5-PROPYL-OCTAHYDRO-INDOL-7-YL)-ACETIC ACID (INDOLE): CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE COMPLEX FORMED BETWEEN PLA2 FROM RUSSELL'S VIPER AND INDOLE AT 1.8 RESOLUTION
1oxr	Aspirin induces its Anti-inflammatory effects through its specific binding to Phospholipase A2: Crystal structure of the complex formed between Phospholipase A2 and Aspirin at 1.9A resolution
1oyf	Crystal Structure of Russelles viper (Daboia russellii pulchella) phospholipase A2 in a complex with venom 6-methyl heptanol
1oz6	X-ray structure of acidic phospholipase A2 from Indian saw-scaled viper (Echis carinatus) with a potent platelet aggregation inhibitory activity
1ozy	Crystal Structure of Phospholipase A2 (MIPLA3) From Micropechis Ikaheka
1p2p	STRUCTURE OF PORCINE PANCREATIC PHOSPHOLIPASE A2 AT 2.6 ANGSTROMS RESOLUTION AND COMPARISON WITH BOVINE PHOSPHOLIPASE A2
1p7o	Crystal structure of phospholipase A2 (MIPLA4) from Micropechis ikaheka
1pa0	CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF BNSP-7, A LYS49-PHOSPHOLIPASE A2
1pc9	Crystal Structure of BnSP-6, a Lys49-Phospholipase A2
1pir	SOLUTION STRUCTURE OF PORCINE PANCREATIC PHOSPHOLIPASE A2
1pis	SOLUTION STRUCTURE OF PORCINE PANCREATIC PHOSPHOLIPASE A2
1po8	Crystal structure of a complex formed between krait venom phospholipase A2 and heptanoic acid at 2.7 A resolution.
1poa	INTERFACIAL CATALYSIS: THE MECHANISM OF PHOSPHOLIPASE A2
1pob	CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF COBRA-VENOM PHOSPHOLIPASE A2 IN A COMPLEX WITH A TRANSITION-STATE ANALOGUE
1poc	CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF BEE-VENOM PHOSPHOLIPASE A2 IN A COMPLEX WITH A TRANSITION-STATE ANALOGUE
1pod	STRUCTURES OF FREE AND INHIBITED HUMAN SECRETORY PHOSPHOLIPASE A2 FROM INFLAMMATORY EXUDATE
1poe	STRUCTURES OF FREE AND INHIBITED HUMAN SECRETORY PHOSPHOLIPASE A2 FROM INFLAMMATORY EXUDATE
1pp2	THE REFINED CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF DIMERIC PHOSPHOLIPASE A2 AT 2.5 ANGSTROMS. ACCESS TO A SHIELDED CATALYTIC CENTER
1ppa	THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF A LYSINE 49 PHOSPHOLIPASE A2 FROM THE VENOM OF THE COTTONMOUTH SNAKE AT 2.0 ANGSTROMS RESOLUTION
1psh	CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF PHOSPHOLIPASE A2 FROM INDIAN COBRA REVEALS A TRIMERIC ASSOCIATION
1psj	ACIDIC PHOSPHOLIPASE A2 FROM AGKISTRODON HALYS PALLAS
1pwo	Crystal Structure of Phospholipase A2 (MIPLA2) from Micropechis Ikaheka
1q5t	Gln48 PLA2 separated from Vipoxin from the venom of Vipera ammodytes meridionalis.
1q6v	First crystal structure of a C49 monomer PLA2 from the venom of Daboia russelli pulchella at 1.8 A resolution
1q7a	Crystal structure of the complex formed between russell's viper phospholipase A2 and an antiinflammatory agent oxyphenbutazone at 1.6A resolution
1qll	Piratoxin-II (Prtx-II) - a K49 PLA2 from Bothrops pirajai
1rgb	Phospholipase A2 from Vipera ammodytes meridionalis
1s6b	X-ray Crystal Structure of a Complex Formed Between Two Homologous Isoforms of Phospholipase A2 from Naja naja sagittifera: Principle of Molecular Association and Inactivation
1s8g	Crystal structure of Lys49-Phospholipase A2 from Agkistrodon contortrix laticinctus, fatty acid bound form
1s8h	Crystal structure of Lys49-Phospholipase A2 from Agkistrodon contortrix laticinctus, first fatty acid free form
1s8i	Crystal structure of Lys49-Phospholipase A2 from Agkistrodon contortrix laticinctus, second fatty acid free form
1sfv	PORCINE PANCREAS PHOSPHOLIPASE A2, NMR, MINIMIZED AVERAGE STRUCTURE
1sfw	PORCINE PANCREAS PHOSPHOLIPASE A2, NMR, 18 STRUCTURES
1skg	Structure-based rational drug design: Crystal structure of the complex formed between Phospholipase A2 and a pentapeptide Val-Ala-Phe-Arg-Ser
1sqz	Design of specific inhibitors of Phopholipase A2: Crystal structure of the complex formed between Group II Phopholipase A2 and a designed peptide Dehydro-Ile-Ala-Arg-Ser at 1.2A resolution
1sv3	Structure of the complex formed between Phospholipase A2 and 4-methoxybenzoic acid at 1.3A resolution.
1sv9	Crystal structure of the complex formed between groupII phospholipase A2 and anti-inflammatory agent 2-[(2,6-Dichlorophenyl)amino] benzeneacetic acid at 2.7A resolution
1sxk	Crystal Structure of a complex formed between phospholipase A2 and a non-specific anti-inflammatory amino salicylic acid at 1.2 A resolution
1sz8	Crystal Structure of an Acidic Phospholipase A2 from Naja Naja Sagittifera at 1.5 A resolution
1t37	Design of specific inhibitors of phospholipase A2: Crystal structure of the complex formed between group I phospholipase A2 and a designed pentapeptide Leu-Ala-Ile-Tyr-Ser at 2.6A resolution
1tc8	Crystal structure of Krait-venom phospholipase A2 in a complex with a natural fatty acid tridecanoic acid
1td7	Interactions of a specific non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with group I phospholipase A2 (PLA2): Crystal structure of the complex formed between PLA2 and niflumic acid at 2.5 A resolution
1tdv	Non-specific binding to phospholipase A2:Crystal structure of the complex of PLA2 with a designed peptide Tyr-Trp-Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala at 1.7A resolution
1tg1	Crystal Structure of the complex formed between russells viper phospholipase A2 and a designed peptide inhibitor PHQ-Leu-Val-Arg-Tyr at 1.2A resolution
1tg4	Design of specific inhibitors of groupII phospholipase A2(PLA2): Crystal structure of the complex formed between russells viper PLA2 and designed peptide Phe-Leu-Ala-Tyr-Lys at 1.7A resolution
1tgm	Crystal structure of a complex formed between group II phospholipase A2 and aspirin at 1.86 A resolution
1th6	Crystal structure of phospholipase A2 in complex with atropine at 1.23A resolution
1tj9	Structure of the complexed formed between group II phospholipase A2 and a rationally designed tetra peptide,Val-Ala-Arg-Ser at 1.1A resolution
1tjk	Crystal structure of the complex formed between group II phospholipase A2 with a designed pentapeptide, Phe- Leu- Ser- Thr- Lys at 1.2 A resolution
1tk4	Crystal structure of russells viper phospholipase A2 in complex with a specifically designed tetrapeptide Ala-Ile-Arg-Ser at 1.1 A resolution
1tp2	Crystal structure of the complex of group II phospholipaseA2 dimer with a fatty acid tridecanoic acid at 2.4 A resolution
1u4j	Crystal structure of a carbohydrate induced dimer of group I phospholipase A2 from Bungarus caeruleus at 2.1 A resolution
1u73	Crystal structure of a Dimeric Acidic Platelet Aggregation Inhibitor and Hypotensive Phospholipase A2 from Bothrops jararacussu
1umv	Crystal structure of an acidic, non-myotoxic phospholipase A2 from the venom of Bothrops jararacussu
1une	CARBOXYLIC ESTER HYDROLASE, 1.5 ANGSTROM ORTHORHOMBIC FORM OF THE BOVINE RECOMBINANT PLA2
1vap	THE MONOMERIC ASP49 SECRETORY PHOSPHOLIPASE A2 FROM THE VENOM OF AGKISTRIDON PISCIVORUS PISCIVORUS
1vip	ANTICOAGULANT CLASS II PHOSPHOLIPASE A2 FROM THE VENOM OF VIPERA RUSSELLI RUSSELLI
1vkq	A re-determination of the structure of the triple mutant (K53,56,120M) of phospholipase A2 at 1.6A resolution using sulphur-SAS at 1.54A wavelength
1vl9	Atomic resolution (0.97A) structure of the triple mutant (K53,56,121M) of bovine pancreatic phospholipase A2
1vpi	PHOSPHOLIPASE A2 INHIBITOR FROM VIPOXIN
1xxs	Structural insights for fatty acid binding in a Lys49 phospholipase A2: crystal structure of myotoxin II from Bothrops moojeni complexed with stearic acid
1xxw	Structure of zinc induced heterodimer of two calcium free isoforms of phospholipase A2 from Naja naja sagittifera at 2.7A resolution
1y38	Crystal structure of the complex formed between phospholipase A2 dimer and glycerophosphate at 2.4 A resolution
1y4l	Crystal structure of Bothrops asper myotoxin II complexed with the anti-trypanosomal drug suramin
1y6o	Crystal structure of disulfide engineered porcine pancreatic phospholipase A2 to group-X isozyme in complex with inhibitor MJ33 and phosphate ions
1y6p	Crystal structure of disulfide engineered porcine pancratic phospholipase a2 to group-x isozyme
1y75	A new form of catalytically inactive phospholipase A2 with an unusual disulphide bridge Cys 32- Cys 49 reveals recognition for N-acetylglucosmine
1yxh	Crystal structure of a novel phospholipase A2 from Naja naja sagittifera with a strong anticoagulant activity
1yxl	Crystal structure of a novel phospholipase A2 from Naja naja sagittifera at 1.5 A resolution
1z76	Crystal structure of an acidic phospholipase A2 (BthA-I) from Bothrops jararacussu venom complexed with p-bromophenacyl bromide
1zl7	Crystal structure of catalytically-active phospholipase A2 with bound calcium
1zlb	Crystal structure of catalytically-active phospholipase A2 in the absence of calcium
1zm6	Crystal structure of the complex formed beween a group I phospholipase A2 and designed penta peptide Leu-Ala-Ile-Tyr-Ser at 2.6A resolution
1zr8	Crystal Structure of the complex formed between group II phospholipase A2 and a plant alkaloid ajmaline at 2.0A resolution
1zwp	The atomic resolution Crystal structure of the Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) complex with Nimesulide reveals its weaker binding to PLA2
1zyx	Crystal structure of the complex of a group IIA phospholipase A2 with a synthetic anti-inflammatory agent licofelone at 1.9A resolution
2aoz	Crystal structure of the myotoxin-II from Atropoides nummifer venom
2arm	Crystal Structure of the Complex of Phospholipase A2 with a natural compound atropine at 1.2 A resolution
2azy	Crystal Structure of Porcine Pancreatic Phospholipase A2 in Complex with Cholate
2azz	Crystal Structure of Porcine Pancreatic Phospholipase A2 in Complex with Taurocholate
2b00	Crystal Structure of Porcine Pancreatic Phospholipase A2 in Complex with Glycocholate
2b01	Crystal Structure of Porcine Pancreatic Phospholipase A2 in Complex with Taurochenodeoxycholate
2b03	Crystal Structure of Porcine Pancreatic Phospholipase A2 in Complex with Taurochenodeoxycholate
2b04	Crystal Structure of Porcine Pancreatic Phospholipase A2 in Complex with Glycochenodeoxycholate
2b17	Specific binding of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to phospholipase A2: Crystal structure of the complex formed between phospholipase A2 and diclofenac at 2.7 A resolution:
2b96	Third Calcium ion found in an inhibitor bound phospholipase A2
2bax	Atomic Resolution Structure of the Double Mutant (K53,56M) of Bovine Pancreatic Phospholipase A2
2bch	A possible of Second calcium ion in interfacial binding: Atomic and Medium resolution crystal structures of the quadruple mutant of phospholipase A2
2bd1	A possible role of the second calcium ion in interfacial binding: Atomic and medium resolution crystal structures of the quadruple mutant of phospholipase A2
2bp2	THE STRUCTURE OF BOVINE PANCREATIC PROPHOSPHOLIPASE A2 AT 3.0 ANGSTROMS RESOLUTION
2bpp	PHOSPHOLIPASE A2 ENGINEERING. X-RAY STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL EVIDENCE FOR THE INTERACTION OF LYSINE-56 WITH SUBSTRATES
2do2	Design of specific inhibitors of phospholipase A2: Crystal structure of the complex formed between a group II Cys 49 phospholipase A2 and a designed pentapeptide Ala-Leu-Ala-Ser-Lys at 2.6A resolution
2dpz	Structure of the complex of phospholipase A2 with N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)- acetamide at 2.1 A resolution
2fnx	Design of Specific Peptide Inhibitors of Phospholipase A2 (PLA2): Crystal Structure of the Complex of PLA2 with a Highly Potent Peptide Val-Ile-Ala-Lys at 2.7A Resolution
2g58	Crystal structure of a complex of phospholipase A2 with a designed peptide inhibitor Dehydro-Ile-Ala-Arg-Ser at 0.98 A resolution
2gns	Design of specific peptide inhibitors of phospholipase A2: Crystal structure of the complex formed between a group II phospholipase A2 and a designed pentapeptide Ala- Leu- Val- Tyr- Lys at 2.3 A resolution
2h4c	Structure of Daboiatoxin (heterodimeric PLA2 venom)
2h8i	Crystal Structure of the Bothropstoxin-I complexed with polyethylene glycol
2i0u	Crystal structures of phospholipases A2 from Vipera nikolskii venom revealing Triton X-100 bound in hydrophobic channel
2not	NOTECHIS II-5, NEUROTOXIC PHOSPHOLIPASE A2 FROM NOTECHIS SCUTATUS SCUTATUS
2o1n	Crystal structure of a complex of phospholipase A2 with a peptide Ala-Ile-Ala-Ser at 2.8 A resolution
2ok9	PrTX-I-BPB
2oli	Crystal structure of the complex formed between a group II phospholipase A2 and an indole derivative at 2.2 A resolution
2oqd	Crystal Structure of BthTX-II
2osh	crystal structure of Natratoxin, a snake sPLA2 that blocks A-type K+ channel
2osn	An alternate description of a crystal structure of phospholipase A2 from Bungarus caeruleus
2otf	Crystal structure of the complex formed between phospholipase A2 and atenolol at 1.95 A resolution
2oth	Crystal structure of a ternary complex of phospholipase A2 with indomethacin and nimesulide at 2.9 A resolution
2oub	Crystal structure of the complex formed between phospholipase A2 and atenolol at 2.75 A resolution
2oyf	Crystal Structure of the complex of phospholipase A2 with indole acetic acid at 1.2 A resolution
2pb8	Crystal structure of the complex formed between phospholipase A2 and peptide Ala-Val-Tyr-Ser at 2.0 A resolution
2ph4	Crystal structure of a novel Arg49 phospholipase A2 homologue from Zhaoermia mangshanensis venom
2phi	A LARGE CONFORMATIONAL CHANGE IS FOUND IN THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE PORCINE PANCREATIC PHOSPHOLIPASE A2 POINT MUTANT F63V
2pmj	Crystal structure of the complex formed between phospholipase A2 and 1, 2 benzopyrone at 2.4 A resolution
2pvt	Crystal structure of a new isoform of phospholipase A2 from russells viper at 2.1 A resolution
2pws	Crystal structure of the complex formed between phospholipase A2 and 2-(4-isobutyl-phenyl)-propionic acid at 2.2 A resolution
2pyc	Crystal structure of a monomeric phospholipase A2 from Russell's viper at 1.5A resolution
2q1p	Crystal Structure of Phospholipase A2 complex with propanol at 1.5 A resolution
2q2j	Crystal structure of PrTX-I, a PLA2 homolog from Bothrops pirajai
2qhd	Crystal structure of ecarpholin S (ser49-PLA2) complexed with fatty acid
2qhe	Crystal structure of Ser49-PLA2 (ecarpholin S) from Echis carinatus sochureki snake venom
2qhw	Crystal structure of a complex of phospholipase A2 with a gramine derivative at 2.2 resolution
2qog	Crotoxin B, the basic PLA2 from Crotalus durissus terrificus.
2qu9	Crystal structure of the complex of group II phospholipase A2 with Eugenol
2que	Saturation of substrate-binding site using two natural ligands: Crystal structure of a ternary complex of phospholipase A2 with anisic acid and ajmaline at 2.25 A resolution
2qvd	Identification of a potent anti-inflammatory agent from the natural extract of plant Cardiospermun helicacabum: Crystal structure of the complex of phospholipase A2 with Benzo(g)-1,3-benzodioxolo(5,6-a)quinolizinium, 5,6-dihydro-9,10-dimethoxy at 1.93 A resolution
2rd4	Design of specific inhibitors of Phospholipase A2: Crystal structure of the complex of phospholipase A2 with pentapeptide Leu-Val-Phe-Phe-Ala at 2.9 A resolution
2wg7	Structure of Oryza Sativa (Rice) PLA2
2wg8	Structure of Oryza Sativa (Rice) PLA2, orthorhombic crystal form
2wg9	Structure of Oryza Sativa (Rice) PLA2, complex with octanoic acid
2wq5	Non-antibiotic properties of tetracyclines: structural basis for inhibition of secretory phospholipase A2.
2zbh	Crystal structure of the complex of phospholipase A2 with Bavachalcone from Aerva lanata at 2.6 A resolution
2zp3	Carboxylic ester hydrolase, single mutant d49n of bovine pancreatic pla2 enzyme
2zp4	Carboxylic ester hydrolase, single mutant h48n of bovine pancreatic pla2 enzyme
2zp5	Carboxylic ester hydrolase, single mutant d49k of bovine pancreatic pla2 enzyme
3bjw	Crystal Structure of ecarpholin S complexed with suramin
3bp2	ROLE OF THE N-TERMINUS IN THE INTERACTION OF PANCREATIC PHOSPHOLIPASE A2 WITH AGGREGATED SUBSTRATES. PROPERTIES AND CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF TRANSAMINATED PHOSPHOLIPASE A2
3cbi	Crystal structure of the ternary complex of phospholipase A2 with ajmaline and anisic acid at 3.1 A resolution
3cxi	Structure of BthTX-I complexed with alpha-tocopherol
3cyl	Crystal structure of Piratoxin I (a myotoxic Lys49-PLA2) complexed with alpha-tocopherol
3dih	Crystal structure of ammodytin L
3elo	Crystal Structure of Human Pancreatic Prophospholipase A2
3fg5	Crystal structure determination of a ternary complex of phospholipase A2 with a pentapetide FLSYK and Ajmaline at 2.5 A resolution
3fo7	Simultaneous inhibition of anti-coagulation and inflammation: Crystal structure of phospholipase A2 complexed with indomethacin at 1.4 A resolution reveals the presence of the new common ligand binding site
3fvi	Crystal Structure of Complex of Phospholipase A2 with Octyl Sulfates
3fvj	Crystal structure of phospholipase A2 1B crystallized in the presence of octyl sulfate
3g8f	Crystal structure of the complex formed between a group II phospholipase A2 and designed peptide inhibitor carbobenzoxy-dehydro-val-ala-arg-ser at 1.2 A resolution
3g8g	Crystal structure of phospholipase A2 ammodytoxin A from vipera ammodytes ammodytes
3g8h	Crystal structure of phospholipase A2 ammodytoxin C from vipera ammodytes ammodytes
3gci	Crystal Structure of the Complex Formed Between a New Isoform of Phospholipase A2 with C-terminal Amyloid Beta Heptapeptide at 2 A Resolution
3h1x	Simultaneous inhibition of anti-coagulation and inflammation: Crystal structure of phospholipase A2 complexed with indomethacin at 1.4 A resolution reveals the presence of the new common ligand binding site
3hsw	Crystal Structure of Porcine Pancreatic Phospholipase A2 in Complex with 2-methoxycyclohexa-2-5-diene-1,4-dione
3hzd	Crystal structure of bothropstoxin-I (BthTX-I), a PLA2 homologue from Bothrops jararacussu venom
3hzw	Crystal structure of bothropstoxin-I chemically modified by p-bromophenacyl bromide (BPB)
3i03	Crystal structure of bothropstoxin-I chemically modified by p-bromophenacyl bromide (BPB) - monomeric form at a high resolution
3i3h	Crystal structure of Bothropstoxin-I crystallized at 291K
3i3i	Crystal Structure of Bothropstoxin-I crystallized at 283 K
3iq3	Crystal Structure of Bothropstoxin-I complexed with polietilene glicol 4000 - crystallized at 283 K
3jq5	Phospholipase A2 Prevents the Aggregation of Amyloid Beta Peptides: Crystal Structure of the Complex of Phospholipase A2 with Octapeptide Fragment of Amyloid Beta Peptide, Asp-Ala-Glu-Phe-Arg-His-Asp-Ser at 2 A Resolution
3jql	Crystal Structure of the Complex Formed Between Phospholipase A2 and a Hexapeptide Fragment of Amyloid Beta Peptide, Lys-Leu-Val-Phe-Phe-Ala at 1.2 A Resolution
3jr8	Crystal Structure of BthTX-II (Asp49-PLA2 from Bothrops jararacussu snake venom) with calcium ions
3jti	Crystal structure of the complex formed between Phospholipase A2 with beta-amyloid fragment, Lys-Gly-Ala-Ile-Ile-Gly-Leu-Met at 1.8 A resolution
3l30	Crystal structure of porcine pancreatic phospholipase A2 complexed with dihydroxyberberine
3mlm	Crystal structure of Bn IV in complex with myristic acid: A Lys49 myotoxic phospholipase A2 from Bothrops neuwiedi venom
3nju	Crystal structure of the complex of group I phospholipase A2 with 4-Methoxy-benzoicacid at 1.4A resolution
3o4m	Crystal structure of porcine pancreatic phospholipase A2 in complex with 1,2-dihydroxybenzene
3osh	Crystal Structure of The Complex of Group 1 Phospholipase A2 With Atropin At 1.5 A Resolution
3p2p	ENHANCED ACTIVITY AND ALTERED SPECIFICITY OF PHOSPHOLIPASE A2 BY DELETION OF A SURFACE LOOP
3q4y	Crystal structure of group I phospholipase A2 at 2.3 A resolution in 40% ethanol revealed the critical elements of hydrophobicity of the substrate-binding site
3qlm	Crystal structure of porcine pancreatic phospholipase A2 in complex with n-hexadecanoic acid
3qnl	Crystal structure of PrTX-I complexed to Rosmarinic Acid
3r0l	Crystal structure of crotoxin
3t0r	Crystal Structure of MjTX-I, a myotoxic Lys49-phospholipase A2 from Bothrops moojeni
3u8b	Functionally selective inhibition of Group IIA phospholipase A2 reveals a role for vimentin in regulating arachidonic acid metabolism
3u8d	Functionally selective inhibition of Group IIA phospholipase A2 reveals a role for vimentin in regulating arachidonic acid metabolism
3u8h	Functionally selective inhibition of Group IIA phospholipase A2 reveals a role for vimentin in regulating arachidonic acid metabolism
3u8i	Functionally selective inhibition of Group IIA phospholipase A2 reveals a role for vimentin in regulating arachidonic acid metabolism
3ux7	Crystal structure of a dimeric myotoxic component of the Vipera ammodytes meridionalis venom reveals determinants of myotoxicity and membrane damaging activity
3v9m	Phospholipase ACII4 from Australian King Brown Snake
3vbz	Crystal structure of Taipoxin beta subunit isoform 2
3vc0	Crystal structure of Taipoxin beta subunit isoform 1
4bp2	CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC REFINEMENT OF BOVINE PRO-PHOSPHOLIPASE A2 AT 1.6 ANGSTROMS RESOLUTION
4dbk	Crystal structure of porcine pancreatic phospholipase A2 complexed with berberine
4dcf	Structure of MTX-II from Bothrops brazili
4e4c	Crystal structure of Notexin at 1.8 A resolution
4eix	Structural Studies of the ternary complex of Phaspholipase A2 with nimesulide and indomethacin
4fga	Design of peptide inhibitors of group II phospholipase A2: Crystal structure of the complex of phospholipsae A2 with a designed tripeptide, Ala- Tyr- Lys at 2.3 A resolution
4g5i	Crystal Structure of Porcine pancreatic PlA2 in complex with DBP
4gfy	Design of peptide inhibitors of phospholipase A2: crystal Structure of phospholipase A2 complexed with a designed tetrapeptide Val - Ilu- Ala - Lys at 2.7 A resolution
4gld	Crystal Structure of the complex of type II phospholipase A2 with a designed peptide inhibitor Phe - Leu - Ala - Tyr - Lys at 1.69 A resolution
4h0s	Crystal structure analysis of a basic phospholipase A2 from Trimeresurus stejnegeri venom
4hg9	Crystal structure of AhV_bPA, a basic PLA2 from Agkistrodon halys pallas venom
4hmb	Crystal Structure of the complex of group II phospholipase A2 with a 3-{3-[(Dimethylamino)methyl]-1H-indol-7-yl}propan-1-ol at 2.21 A Resolution
4k06	Crystal structure of MTX-II from Bothrops brazili venom complexed with polyethylene glycol
4k09	Crystal structure of BbTX-II from Bothrops brazili venom
4kf3	Crystal Structure of Myotoxin II (MjTX-II), a myotoxic Lys49-phospholipase A2 from Bothrops moojeni.
4ntw	Structure of acid-sensing ion channel in complex with snake toxin
4ntx	Structure of acid-sensing ion channel in complex with snake toxin and amiloride
4nty	Cesium sites in the crystal structure of acid-sensing ion channel in complex with snake toxin
4o1y	Crystal structure of Porcine Pancreatic Phospholipase A2 in complex with 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid
4p2p	AN INDEPENDENT CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC REFINEMENT OF PORCINE PHOSPHOLIPASE A2 AT 2.4 ANGSTROMS RESOLUTION
4qem	4QEM
4qer	4QER
4qf7	4QF7
4qf8	4QF8
4qgd	4QGD
4qmc	4QMC
4rfp	4RFP
4uy1	4UY1
4wtb	4WTB
4yu7	4YU7
4yv5	4YV5
4yz7	4YZ7
5g3m	5G3M
5g3n	5G3N
5p2p	X-RAY STRUCTURE OF PHOSPHOLIPASE A2 COMPLEXED WITH A SUBSTRATE-DERIVED INHIBITOR

Links (links to other resources describing this domain)

• PROSITE: PS00119
• INTERPRO: IPR016090